Threats & AttacksHigh
Bot (Malware)
A compromised device that is remotely controlled by an attacker, often as part of a botnet for malicious activities
Skill Paths:
Malware AnalysisNetwork SecurityThreat IntelligenceIncident Response
Job Paths:
Malware AnalystThreat Intelligence AnalystNetwork Security EngineerIncident Responder
Relevant Certifications:
GIAC GREMSANS FOR508CISSPCompTIA Security+
Content
What is a Bot (Malware)?
A bot is a device or system that has been compromised by malware and is remotely controlled by an attacker. Bots are typically used as part of a larger network, known as a botnet, to perform coordinated malicious activities such as DDoS attacks, spamming, or data theft.
How Bots Work
Infection and Recruitment
- Malware infection – Device is compromised by malicious software
- C2 connection – Establishes communication with a command and control server
- Botnet enrollment – Joins a network of other compromised devices
Common Bot Activities
- DDoS attacks – Overwhelm targets with traffic
- Spam distribution – Send large volumes of unsolicited emails
- Credential theft – Steal usernames and passwords
- Click fraud – Generate fake ad clicks for revenue
- Data exfiltration – Steal sensitive information
Botnet Architectures
Centralized Botnets
- Single C2 server – All bots connect to one server
- Easier to control – Simple management for attackers
- Single point of failure – Easier to disrupt
Decentralized (P2P) Botnets
- Peer-to-peer communication – Bots communicate with each other
- Resilient – Harder to take down
- Complex management – More difficult for attackers to control
Detection and Prevention
Network Monitoring
- Traffic analysis – Look for unusual outbound connections
- Beaconing detection – Identify regular check-ins to C2
- Anomaly detection – Spot abnormal device behavior
Endpoint Protection
- Antivirus software – Detect and remove bot malware
- EDR solutions – Monitor for suspicious activities
- Patch management – Fix vulnerabilities to prevent infection
Organizational Measures
- User education – Train users to avoid phishing and suspicious downloads
- Incident response – Plan for botnet infections
- Threat intelligence – Use feeds to identify botnet indicators
Best Practices
- Keep systems patched – Regularly update software
- Monitor network traffic – Watch for unusual activity
- Use strong authentication – Prevent unauthorized access
- Educate users – Raise awareness of botnet threats
- Implement incident response plans – Prepare for botnet outbreaks
Quick Facts
Severity Level
8/10
Goal
Automate attacks, data theft, or spam distribution
Control
Remotely managed via C2 servers
Spread
Malware infection, vulnerabilities, phishing
Detection
Network monitoring, endpoint protection
Related Terms