Pretexting

Pretexting is a social engineering technique in which an attacker fabricates a scenario (pretext) to trick a target into revealing sensitive information or performing actions that compromise security. The attacker often impersonates a trusted individual or authority to gain the victim's trust.

How Pretexting Works

• Scenario Creation: Attacker invents a believable story or identity
• Engagement: Attacker contacts the target (phone, email, in-person)
• Manipulation: Uses the pretext to request sensitive information or access
• Exploitation: Uses obtained information for further attacks or fraud

Common Pretexts

• IT support requesting login credentials
• Bank representative verifying account details
• Law enforcement seeking confidential information
• Vendor requesting payment or contract details

Prevention and Detection

1. Security Awareness Training: Educate employees about social engineering
2. Verification Procedures: Always verify identities before sharing information
3. Incident Reporting: Encourage reporting of suspicious requests
4. Access Controls: Limit access to sensitive information

Real-World Examples

• Attackers posing as HR to obtain employee data
• Impersonating executives to authorize wire transfers
• Fake IT support calls to reset passwords

Related Concepts

• Phishing: Deceptive emails or messages
• Vishing: Voice-based attacks
• Impersonation: Pretending to be someone else

Conclusion

Pretexting is a powerful social engineering tactic. Organizations must train employees, enforce verification procedures, and foster a culture of security awareness to defend against these attacks.