Spyware

What is Spyware?

Spyware is a type of malware that secretly monitors user activity and collects information without the user's knowledge or consent. Spyware can capture keystrokes, screenshots, browsing history, and other sensitive data, often sending it to remote attackers.

How Spyware Works

Infection Methods

• Bundled software – Installed alongside legitimate programs
• Phishing emails – Malicious attachments or links
• Drive-by downloads – Automatic downloads from compromised websites
• Malicious ads – Malvertising campaigns

Common Spyware Activities

• Keylogging – Records keystrokes to steal credentials
• Screen capture – Takes screenshots of user activity
• Browser monitoring – Tracks browsing history and searches
• Credential theft – Steals usernames and passwords
• Data exfiltration – Sends stolen data to attackers

Types of Spyware

• Keyloggers – Record keystrokes
• Password stealers – Target stored credentials
• Infostealers – Collect a wide range of data
• Tracking cookies – Monitor web activity
• System monitors – Track all user activity

Detection and Prevention

• Antivirus/anti-spyware – Use reputable security software
• Behavioral analysis – Monitor for suspicious activity
• Patch management – Keep systems updated
• User education – Avoid suspicious downloads and links
• Browser security – Use secure browsers and extensions

Removal and Response

• Quarantine and remove – Use security tools to remove spyware
• Change passwords – After removal, update all credentials
• Monitor accounts – Watch for unauthorized activity
• Restore from backup – If necessary, restore clean system state

Best Practices

• Download from trusted sources – Avoid third-party sites
• Regularly update software – Patch vulnerabilities
• Use strong authentication – Protect sensitive accounts
• Educate users – Raise awareness of spyware risks
• Implement incident response plans – Prepare for spyware incidents